Negative regulation refers to the process by which a cell or organism decreases the expression or activity of a gene or protein. This can occur through various mechanisms, including feedback inhibition, repression of gene transcription, or degradation of the protein. Negative regulation plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and preventing excessive or harmful levels of gene expression or protein activity. By controlling the expression and activity of specific genes and proteins, negative regulation helps to regulate various cellular processes, such as metabolism, growth, and immune response.